Pressure Data

This is where the raw tubing and casing pressures are entered along with any readings from a flow prover or meter run. The steps involved with entering actual data are covered in this section. They will be explained in the order in which they would normally be entered during an actual test. Some automated features will be explained in the process. These features are intuitive enough for the user to enter data without reading this section. Nevertheless the user will gain a more thorough understanding of the most fundamental part of the program by covering the material presented here. Date Normally only one date will need to be entered for a test. Whenever a value is entered in the time column the date is carried down automatically. The user only needs to enter ditto marks (") if there are several rows without time entries. When time passes the 2400 mark the date automatically rolls over. It is only at such rollover points and at the beginning and end of each page that the actual date is displayed. Otherwise TestPro® replaces it with a ditto mark to improve legibility. When TestPro® is opened (or if previous data has been removed using the clear button) the first row in the Date column will be selected (indicated by the black border around the cell). Here the date is entered in the format Jan 22 without a year. The current year is displayed at the top of the Date column and is changed on the Well Information page. You may enter dates in any format recognized by Excel® but they will always be converted to this format. The year will be converted to that displayed at the top of the column (unless the test runs from one year into another in which case the year will roll over automatically). Time Time is entered using the standard 24 hour clock. No colon (:) is used to separate hours and minutes. The minutes must be entered even if they are "00". The following table should clarify how the format works: You Enter      Resulting Time Entry 5      0005 15      0015 500      0500 1200      1200 1315      1315 2400      2400      At this point the date will roll over automatically 2430      0030      This catches a common entry error If a time is entered that is earlier than the previous time entry, a warning will appear and the entry will be removed to avoid entry errors. Cumulative Hours and ISIP (Initial Shut In Pressure) ISIP (occurs at Cum Hrs = 0) The first entry of cumulative hours should be 0 (zero). TestPro® will automatically insert the word "BLANK" in the orifice column and the values of tubing and casing pressure entered in this row will be registered internally as the ISIP values. Draw down calculations are based on these values. These are also the values of ISIP exported to the PAS file for EUB submission. The initial cumulative hours value can occur at any value of time. For example: the first time entry for the test may be 1200 (when the crew arrived and started setting things up) and the cum hrs entry of 0 may occur at the time 1500 (when the test was actually started). The important point is that TestPro® assumes the pressures entered at Cum Hrs = 0 are to be taken as the ISIP values. There should be only one entry of 0 Cum Hrs. Automatic Cumulative Hours Calculation Once you enter a non-zero value in the Cum Hrs column all values from this point on will be calculated by TestPro®. The calculation is based on entries in the Time column. If for some reason the synchronization between Time and Cum Hrs is wrong:    1. Type in the correct value of Cum Hrs for a given Time entry.    2.   TestPro® will ask you if you want to recalculate all of the Cum Hrs values based on this entry. Click Yes.    3.   Make sure there is a time at which Cum Hrs = 0 and that the ISIP values occur at this time. Comment Lines Entering a Comment line A comment line is used when a line is to contain only text and no actual data (except date and time). An example of its use might be to announce that the well was opened to flow, or shut in.          1. Select a cell on the desired row, in any column from the Time column to the Meter Temp column inclusive.          2.   Start typing and a box will come up displaying the text. This box will attempt to match the comment being entered to a standard one. You may view the entire list of standard comments by clicking the arrow at the right of the entry line. To choose a standard comment click it. If the comment is not in the list, then type it in by hand.          3.   Click OK Editing a line To edit the text on a line, double click the text itself. When you are done editing press enter or Click on another cell. Changing the list of standard Comments and Remarks The lists of automatic comments and remarks can be modified to reflect the comments and wording you are familiar with:          1. Close TestPro®.          2.   Open Microsoft Excel (Click the Start button at the bottom left corner of your screen, then click Programs and Microsoft Excel).          3.   In the main menubar click File and then click Open.          4.   In the File name: field, type:             c:\Program Files\TestPro\TestPro autoremarks.xls          5.   Click Open.          6.   Modify the existing comments, add to the list or delete existing comments that you don't want displayed. Do NOT leave any blank lines between comments in the list. The first column is the list of automatic Comments; the second column, automatic Remarks.          7.   In the main menubar click File and then Save and then exit Excel.          8.   Open TestPro®. The new remarks will now be available. Draw Down Calculation (Automatic) If you are only taking pressure from either the tubing or the casing (but not both), the draw down will be calculated from these values automatically. If you are taking readings for both tubing and casing pressure then TestPro® will ask you to indicate whether the well is flowing through the tubing or the casing. If you are flowing the well through the tubing, the draw down calculation is made from the casing pressure values (and vice versa). Once you have answered this question it will be assumed to apply to the entire test. Should this assumption prove invalid, the setting can be changed for each page individually. For each new page the setting is assumed to be the same as for the previous page unless you specifically change it. If you change the well flow from tubing, to casing (or vice versa) during the course of the test, follow these steps:    1. After changing well flow, start entering data on a new page on the Pressure Data page (enter at least one time with corresponding pressures).    2.   Click the Calcs button and a box will appear.    3.   In the lower part of the box that appears (where it says Draw Down Calculation) click Change (Current Page Only).    4.   Another box will appear. Click the appropriate choice to indicate whether you are flowing the well through the Tubing or the Casing. Gas Flow Rates Gas Flow Rates are Automatically calculated (as is Cumulative Gas) whenever the required data is entered. Flow Prover and Meter Run calculations are handled similarly, but for clarity, each will be discussed on its own. (Note: Rate Calculations are outlined in detail in Appendix 2) Flow Prover – Data Entry Three values must be entered in their appropriate columns before a flow rate can be calculated:           o Flow Prover reading (kPa)           o Flow Temperature (°C)           o Orifice size (mm) When all three of these values have been entered, a box will appear asking you to select the diameter of the prover pipe. You may choose between 50.8 mm (2") and 101.6 mm (4"). When the Prover – Pipe Diameter box appears:          1. Click the field where the Pipe Diameter is displayed.          2.   Click the correct value for Pipe Diameter.          3.   Click OK. All calculations in the test will be calculated based on this selection. If you need to change or confirm this setting:    1. Click Calcs.    2.   Click Flow Prover in the box that appears, and follow steps 1-3 above. Meter Run – Data Entry Four values must be entered in their appropriate columns before a flow rate can be calculated:     * Static Pressure (kPa)     *   Differential Pressure (kPa)     *   Meter Temperature (°C)     *   Orifice Size (mm) These values may be entered in any order. When all four have been entered a box will appear with the heading Meter Run. Follow these steps:    1. Enter the inside diameter of the pipe: Click the down arrow to the right of the Pipe Inside Diameter field and choose the value from the drop down list or type in the value.    2.   To choose the tap type Click on either Flange or Pipe.    3.   Click OK. All calculations in the test will be calculated based on this selection. If you need to change or confirm this setting:          1. Click Calcs.          2.   Click Meter Run in the box that appears, and follow steps 1-3 above. Specific Gravity The specific gravity of the gas influences the calculation of flow rates and is always set to the default value of 0.6 when a test begins. To change the specific gravity setting:    1. Click Calcs.    2.   Click Change Gas Specific Gravity.    3.   Type in the new specific gravity.    4.   Click OK. Atmospheric Pressure Changing the atmospheric pressure setting This will cause all of the gas flow rates to be recalculated. Starting on the Pressure Data page:    1. Click Calculations on the main menu and Click Pressure Data: Change Atmospheric Pressure.       Or       Click on the Calcs button and then Click Change Atmospheric Pressure.    2. Type in the new atmospheric pressure. You may also save it as a default value or retrieve the current default value. Note: The default value is used when a new test is opened. If an existing test is saved with a new atmospheric pressure, it will keep the new value even after you exit the program. Remarks Entering a remark The remarks column (far right) allows a remark (e.g. CHANGE ORIFICE) to be made on a line that contains numerical data (this differs from a comment line which allows no data).          1. Select the appropriate cell in the remarks column.          2.   Start typing. A box will come up displaying the text. This box will attempt to match the remark being entered to a standard one. You may view the entire list of standard remarks by clicking the arrow at the right of the entry line. To choose one of the standard remarks, click it. If the remark is not in the list, then type it in by hand. Note: The list of standard remarks can be modified or added to as described below in Changing the List of Standard Comments and Remarks. Editing a Remark To edit a remark, double click the cell. To bring up the box of standard remarks select the cell (click once) and begin typing.